In-situ TEM – liquid cell

• “Coordination polymers derived general synthesis of multishelled mixed metal-oxide particles for hybrid supercapacitors”, Adv. Mater., 29, 1605902 (2017).

Electrolyte decomposition and gas evolution at 2.0V.

Disintegration of the shell at 1.4 V.

• “Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy observation of lithium metal growth and dissolution: Root growth, dead lithium and lithium flotsams”, Nano Energy, 32, 271 (2017).

Lithium whiskers growing from the root.

Lithium whisker growing from the root forming a kink.

Mossy lithium growing at a lower overpotential.

• “Charging/Discharging Nanomorphology Asymmetry and Rate-Dependent Capacity Degradation in Li–Oxygen Battery”, Nano Lett., 15, 8260 (2015).

Li₂O₂ deposition during discharge.

Li₂O₂ decomposition during charge.